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玩梗营销勿碰法律边界******
玩梗营销勿碰法律边界
黄 骥 何俊强
春节假期前夕，某地市场监管部门在检查中发现，有咖啡店的商品包装上贴有“莲花清温咖啡”标签，执法人员责令该店停止使用该标签并对其立案调查。这是继此前某微商因销售“连花清温茶”被市场监管部门查处之后，又一起因玩梗营销引发的案件。
近来，针对涉疫药品的玩梗营销不时出现。“莲花清温咖啡”“连花清瘟精酿”“布洛芬凉茶”等玩梗商品，曾多次引发关注。总体上看，监管部门的执法行动及时制止了不当行为，妥善维护了市场秩序，也对涉疫玩梗营销敲响了警钟。
或许有人觉得，“玩梗”只图一乐，无伤大雅，“段子”不会成为“案子”。其实不然。上述玩梗营销，涉及疫情防控救治的常用、紧俏药品，主要情形是将药品名称用在食品、保健品的包装上。许多消费者是在应急情况下搜寻、选购这些药品的。当消费者看到与药品名称相同或近似的标记时，通常没有足够的耐心与时间去仔细考察、辨别具体情况，很容易认为这些“玩梗商品”包含特定药物成分，具有类似疗效功能。但实际上，大多数“玩梗商品”与上述药品没有任何关联。
许多玩梗营销在擅自使用知名药品名称的同时，还使用了与该药品高度近似的包装设计，甚至标上“同款配方”“防治新冠”之类的宣传用语，这进一步增加了迷惑性和欺骗性。这种行为与其说是幽默，不如说是打擦边球，很可能导致消费者做出错误的决策，损失金钱且延误治疗。
此外，某些被玩梗的药品名称是医药企业的注册商标和知名品牌，玩梗营销容易侵犯医药企业的商标权益，损害其商业信誉和品牌形象。也有个别玩梗营销真的在食品中违规添加药品，这种行为违反医药产品监管方面的法律规范，严重情况下，甚至可能构成犯罪。
疫情防控救治关系到人民健康与社会安定。不论是“挂羊头卖狗肉”，还是真把药品当食材，对涉疫药品玩梗营销，都可能成为医药资源顺畅流通、合理配置、规范使用的掣肘因素，干扰防疫大局。玩梗营销还可能违反多方面法律规范，在消费者权益、竞争秩序、营商环境、公共健康等多个层面造成危害后果和不良影响。创意不能任意，蹭热度也得适度。严格规制涉疫玩梗营销，确保其遵循法度，既是维护市场秩序的应有之义，也是强化食品药品安全监管和守护人民生命健康的必行之举。
要更加全面、长效地规制和防范相关违法行为，除了罚款、责令停止生产销售等常规执法手段外，还可以考虑运用公益诉讼、惩罚性赔偿、信用惩戒、行业公约等多种法治举措，实现综合惩戒、联动治理。
不少玩梗商品是通过网络推广、销售的，有必要进一步优化互联网平台经营者的管理权责，引导其加强涉疫营销信息的监测审查，以及时、能动、高效的方式屏蔽移除违法产品及其宣传内容。
严惩违法的同时，也有必要为经营者提供更清晰的合规指引。通过发布典型案例、预警信息、出台指导意见等，帮助经营者明确良性创意与不当营销的分界线，不失为降低经营者合规成本，兼顾社会秩序与商业创新的可行之策。（经济日报）
中新网评：处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******
中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称，将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对，企图将核污水“一倒了之”，把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。
资料图：日本福岛第一核电站。2011年，福岛核电站事故发生后，大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋，对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害，数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日，作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由，在2021年4月13日，正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多，日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称，这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全，甚至“可以喝”，这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上，经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质，核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收，长期来看，将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁，最终危害人类健康。
因此，核污水排海计划推出后，遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示，福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中，约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场，反对该计划。
日本政府认为，核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案，但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海，核污水会随着洋流流动，其影响势必会跨越国界，危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称，相关研究认为，福岛核污水如果排放入海，约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域，该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告，若日本将所有核污水排入海中，不到半年，整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁，包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国，有义务保护海洋环境。然而，在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上，日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估，但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论，并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下，日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设，这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道，日本必须正视各方合理关切，在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后，制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远，若只顾眼前，执意将核污水排放入海，不仅其自身，周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单，其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎） [责编：天天中] 阅读剩余全文（）  视觉焦点
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